Definition    

     A tension headache is a condition involving pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck, usually associated with muscle tightness in these areas.

Causes

• The exact cause of tension headaches is not known.

• We do know that certain things, such as stress, fatigue, glare, and noise make the headaches worse.

Symptoms

• People usually have headaches that are described as being vice-like or as if a band is tightening around their head.

• The headaches can be all over the head, limited to the back of the head, or in the neck area.

• There may also be other symptoms such as poor concentration, feeling tired or fatigued, and irritability.

• The headaches may occur every day.

• Some people notice that their headaches go away when they are asleep or when they are in a soothing environment.

• Usually, there are no specific problems detected when the physical exam is done.

Screening and Diagnostics

• The diagnosis is usually suggested by the symptoms.

• The doctor's exam is usually normal.

• If needed, a CT scan or an MRI scan can be done. However, this is usually not necessary.

Treatment

• Treatment is with over-the-counter medicines such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.  These can be taken as directed and most people respond to this treatment.

• Occasionally, medicines used to treat migraines may be needed.

• Another very important part of the treatment process is to use relaxation techniques, such as massage, biofeedback, warm baths, or meditation.

• Some people may have an underlying stress, Anxiety disorder, or Depression that may respond to psychotherapy.

Complications

• The headache may not be a tension headache, but it may be a symptom of another, more serious, disorder.

• Rebound headaches may occur from overuse of analgesic medications.

Prevention 

     Avoid situations that may cause a tension headache. This can include keeping warm if the headache is associated with cold, using a different pillow or sleeping position, or similar changes.

     Use good posture when reading, working, or involved in activities that may cause a headache. Exercise the neck and shoulders frequently.