Gum disease is a bacterial infection of the tissues
and bones that surround and support the teeth. It is
also called periodontal disease.
Gingivitis is mild gum disease that only affects the
gingiva, or gums, the tissue surrounding the teeth.
Gum disease that progresses and spreads below the gum
line to damage the tooth supporting tissues and bone
is called periodontitis.
Causes
Plaque is the primary cause of periodontal
disease. However, other factors can contribute to
gum disease. These include:
- Hormonal changessuch as those occurring during
pregnancy, puberty, menopause, and monthly
menstruation-make gums more sensitive, which makes
it easier for gingivitis to develop.
- Illnesses may affect the condition of your
gums. This includes diseases such as cancer or HIV
that interfere with the immune system.
- Medications can affect oral health because
some lessen the flow of saliva, which has a
protective effect on teeth and gums.
- Bad habits such as smoking make it harder for
gum tissue to repair itself.
- Poor oral hygiene habits such as not brushing
and flossing on a daily basis, make it easier for
gingivitis to develop.
- Family history of dental disease can be a
contributing factor for the development of
gingivitis.
Symptoms
In the earliest stages,
periodontal disease causes few signs or symptoms, and
you may not be aware of a problem until your gums
become soft and bleed slightly when you brush your
teeth.If your gums are mildly swollen and red.
Treatment
Early treatment of gum disease is very important,
flossing every day and brushing your teeth in the
morning, after meals and snacks, and before bed can
help reverse these symptoms of gum disease.
For treatment to be effective, you will need to:
See your dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings.
Avoid all tobacco use.
