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Flu / Influenza |
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Definition
Influenza or "flu" is a viral infection caused by
Influenza A or Influenza B, and is transmitted
person-to-person by respiratory droplets (i.e.,
sneezing, breath). It is primarily a
Lung Infection, and is not
to be confused with the "stomach flu" -- which
generally refers to
Gastroenteritis -- not
influenza at all. Influenza can be a life-threatening
illness in the very young, debilitated, and elderly.
Causes
- Influenza A or Influenza B.
- Transmitted person-to-person by
respiratory droplets
Signs and Symptoms
- Fever over
101 F. Children with the flu tend to have higher
fevers than adults have — often as high as 103 to
105 F.
- Chills and
sweats.
- Headache.
- Dry cough.
- Muscular
aches and pains, especially in your back, arms and
legs.
- Fatigue
and weakness.
- Nasal
congestion.
- Loss of
appetite.
- Diarrhea
and vomiting. Although children may have these
signs, diarrhea and vomiting are rare in adults.
Screening and Diagnostics
- Decreased white blood cell count is
common.
- Virus may be cultured.
- Antibody testing may be positive in
the 2nd week.
Treatment
- Bed rest as needed
- Tylenol or ibuprofen for fever and
aching
- Cough suppressants as needed
- Antiviral medications, e.g., Ribavirin
aerosolized
- Antibiotics are not effective against
influenza, but may be prescribed if a secondary
infection, such as
Bronchitis or
Pneumonia, is suspected.
Complications
Bronchitis
Otitis
Media
(middle ear infection)
Sinusitis
Reye's Syndrome is a rare
pediatric complication in which liver failure and
brain swelling occur. Aspirin increases the
likelihood of this syndrome and should always be
avoided in children. (Tylenol and ibuprofen are
usually safe for children but follow instructions
from your doctor carefully on use.)
Preventions
The influenza vaccine, generally available in October
or November each year, provides protection against
influenza strains of the coming year. High-risk
individuals who should definitely receive vaccination
include those above 65 years old, those with
respiratory illnesses such as
Asthma or
Emphysema, those with
heart disease, anyone with an underlying debilitating
illness, and health care workers.
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