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Constipation is an acute or chronic condition in which bowel movements occur
less often than usual or consist of hard, dry stools that are painful or
difficult to pass. Bowel habits vary, but an adult who has not had a bowel
movement in three days or a child who has not had a bowel movement in four days
is considered constipated.
Constipation is most often caused by a low-fiber diet, lack of physical
activity, not drinking enough water, or delay in going to the bathroom when you
have the urge to defecate. Stress and travel can also contribute to constipation
or other changes in bowel habits.
Constipation can also be a side effect of:
- aluminum salts in antacids
- antihistamines
- antipsychotic drugs
- aspirin
- beta blockers
- blood pressure medications
- iron or calcium supplements
Treatment
Children and adults should get enough fiber in their diet. Vegetables, fresh
fruits, dried fruits, and whole wheat, bran, or oatmeal cereals are excellent
sources of fiber.
Regular exercise is also important in establishing regular bowel movements. If
you are confined to a wheelchair or bed, change position frequently and perform
abdominal contraction exercises and leg raises. A physical therapist can
recommend exercises appropriate for your physical abilities.
Stool softeners may help. Additionally, bulk laxatives such as Psyllium
may help add fluid and bulk to the stool. Suppositories or gentle laxatives,
such as mineral oil or milk of magnesia, may establish regular bowel movements.
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